ALEXANDER SON OF ARISTOBULUS II
- ALEXANDER SON OF ARISTOBULUS II
- ALEXANDER SON OF ARISTOBULUS II (d. 49
B.C.E.), one of the last of the hasmoneans .
Alexander, eldest son of Aristobulus II, was the
son-in-law of hyrcanus ii . His wife, alexandra , was the
mother of mariamne , wife of herod the Great. As a result of
the struggle between Aristobulus II and Hyrcanus
II for the throne of Judea, Alexander was sent by Pompey
in 63 B.C.E. as a captive to Rome – with his father and
the rest of his family. He escaped on the way and returned to Judea,
where he succeeded in mustering an army of 10,000 infantry and 1,500
cavalry, and in occupying the strongholds of Alexandreion, Hyrcania, and
Machaerus. gabinius , recently arrived in Syria as proconsul,
collected a force to oppose him and sent his adjutant Mark Anthony
ahead. Anthony equipped an additional Jewish contingent under the Jewish
commanders Peitholaus and Malichus. Gabinius defeated Alexander's army
in the vicinity of Jerusalem, and the remnant fled to Alexandreion.
Besieging the fortress, Gabinius promised Alexander his freedom and an
amnesty for his troops if he surrendered. His mother also pleaded with
Alexander to accept this condition and he left Alexandreion which was
then razed to the ground by Gabinius. Gabinius thereupon introduced a
much more stringent administrative system than was in force earlier.
Alexander rebelled a second time in 55 B.C.E., when
Gabinius was in Egypt. He again mustered a large force and began to
drive the Romans from Judea. Gabinius returned and immediately advanced
to meet Alexander. He employed antipater to persuade Alexander's
army to desert to Hyrcanus. Alexander, however, still had thirty
thousand men left and he met in battle the armies of Gabinius and
Hyrcanus at
alexander son of aristobulus ii
Mt. Tabor and was defeated. The defeat shattered Alexander's resources.
Antipater, however, succeeded in effecting a reconciliation between
Alexander and Hyrcanus, by arranging a marriage between Alexander and
Hyrcanus' daughter Alexandra, which might eventually enable Alexander to
become high priest. When civil war broke out in Rome between Julius
Caesar and Pompey in 49 B.C.E., Pompey ordered his
father-in-law Q. Caecilius Metellus Scipio, then proconsul in Syria, to
put Alexander to death in Antiochia.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Jos., Ant., 14:80–125; Jos., Wars, 1:160–85; A.H.M. Jones, The
Herods of Judaea (1938); Klausner, Bayit Sheni, 3
(19502), 236 ff.; Schuerer, Gesch, 1 (19014), 338
ff.; Graetz, Gesch, 3 (19055), 166–7, 17 1 ff.; A. Schalit,
Hordos ha-Melekh (19643), 26 ff.
(Abraham Schalit)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
Look at other dictionaries:
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